ORTOFOSFAT KISLOTASI , MELAMIN , PENTAERITRIT, MOCHEVINA VA RUX OKSIDI ASOSIDA ANTIPIRENLAR SINTEZI VA ULARNI FIZIK-KIMYOVIY XOSSALARNI TADQIQ ETISH

Abstract

In this study, a new-generation oligomeric intumescent flame retardant was synthesized based on orthophosphoric acid with the participation of pentaerythritol, melamine, urea, and zinc oxide, and its physicochemical and thermal properties were comprehensively investigated. The synthesis of the flame retardant was carried out via a three-stage mechanism involving esterification, aminolysis, and complex formation with ZnO, resulting in the formation of a branched phosphorus–nitrogen-containing structure. The structure of the synthesized FB-4 flame retardant was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, revealing the presence of phosphate esters, P–N bonds, and Zn–O fragments. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA) demonstrated that the flame retardant undergoes a three-stage thermal degradation process and forms a stable, carbon-rich char layer at elevated temperatures. The obtained results confirm the high thermal stability, environmental safety, and promising potential of the FB-4 flame retardant for enhancing the flame retardancy of textile materials.